Dry needling as a therapeutic approach for reducing pain in musculoskeletal disorders: a literature review

Abstract

Background: Dry needling (DN) has gained popularity as a treatment modality for MSDs, but its effectiveness warrants ongoing assessment. This literature review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of DN in managing MSDs.

Methods: The study employed a literature review design and analyzed secondary data from previously published sources. An online literature search was conducted on PubMed using the keywords "dry needling," "musculoskeletal disorders," and "musculoskeletal." Articles were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria, focusing on publications within the last ten years (January 2014 – July 2024).

Results: The reviewed studies provide strong evidence supporting the efficacy of dry needling (DN) in managing pain and improving functional outcomes across various musculoskeletal disorders. DN resulted in significant reductions in pain intensity, enhanced range of motion, and improved functional performance in conditions such as fibromyalgia, chronic neck pain, low back pain, and post-ACL reconstruction rehabilitation. While DN led to improvements in autonomic function in fibromyalgia, no significant effects were observed on SpO2 levels. Moreover, DN generally outperformed sham and alternative interventions, reinforcing its value as a therapeutic approach in musculoskeletal rehabilitation.

Conclusion:  These insights underscore the importance of incorporating DN into treatment plans while considering the need for further research to confirm its benefits.