Kinesiology and Physiotherapy Comprehensive

Relationship between vastus medialis oblique angle, Lysholm score, isometric quadriceps strength, and Tegner score in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction patients

I Gusti Agung dyah paramitha dewi — 2025-08-01

Background: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear represents a serious sports injury in active individuals. While reconstruction seeks to restore knee stability and quadriceps strength, full recovery of the vastus medialis oblique (VMO) angle is frequently not achieved. This study aimed to investigating the relationship between the vastus medialis oblique angle (VMOA) and Lysholm score with quadriceps isometric strength and Tegner score in patients after ACLR.

Methods: This research used a literature review method of seven relevant scientific journals published within the last 10 years (2015–2025). The literature was selected based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria from reputable scientific databases. These include PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and PEDro using the keyword "vastus medialis oblique," which is also a keyword for "vastus medialis," "Lysholm score," "quadriceps isometric," and "Tegner score."

Results: There waa a significant relationship between VMOA angles and isometric quadriceps strength and functional values of Lysholm and Tegner. Patients with VMOA angles within the ideal range and adequate quadriceps muscle strength generally showed better knee functional value and activity level. Rehabilitative interventions, such as the use of hybrid assistance limb (HAL) and electro muscle stimulation (EMS), have been shown to be effective in improving muscle strength and clinical scores.

Conclusion: This study concluded that there was a significant relationship between VMOA angles, isometric quadriceps strength, and Lysholm and Tegner functional scores in patients after ACLR. The findings emphasize the importance of rehabilitation focusing on strengthening VMO and quadriceps muscles to improve knee stability and post-ACLR clinical outcomes.

The relationship between hamstring muscle morphology, physical activity, dynamic balance, and knee functions among post-operative anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction patients

I Komang Saskaraning Radika — 2025-08-01

Introduction: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common in pivot sports, particularly soccer and volleyball, with soccer accounting for the majority. ACL reconstruction often leads to morphological changes, and lower extremity balance plays a key role in knee function recovery. This study aimed to examine the relationship between hamstring muscle morphology and physical activity (GLTEQ), dynamic balance (Y-Balance Test), and knee function (KOOS) in post-ACL reconstruction patients.

Methods: This study employed a literature review method, sourcing articles from PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Journal of Sport Rehabilitation. Keywords included 'hamstring muscle morphology,' 'Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire,' 'Y-Balance Test,' 'Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score,' and 'anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.' Boolean operators 'AND' and 'OR' were used to refine the search.

Results: Subjects with ACLR showed reduced muscle volume and lower Y-Balance Test scores compared to healthy controls. They also scored significantly lower across all KOOS subscales (p < 0.01). The KOOS Sport and Recreation subscale was marginally associated with GLTEQ scores (p = 0.057). Additionally, GLTEQ scores were lower in the ACLR group than the modified GLTEQ scores in healthy participants (p = 0.58).

Conclusion: Hamstring muscle morphology was significantly associated with Y-Balance Test performance, while no significant relationship was found between KOOS or GLTEQ scores in post-ACL reconstruction patients.

The relationship between patella position, Tampa scale kinesiophobia score, single hop test, and International Knee Documentation Committee knee score in post-anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction patients

Lydia Agusta Ngina Keo — 2025-08-01

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is a surgical procedure to replace a torn or damaged ACL. However, long-term functional recovery is often hampered by fear of movement or re-injury (kinesiophobia), as measured by the Tampa Scale Kinesiophobia (TSK) Score. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between patella position, the level of kinesiophobia measured using the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK), functional performance assessed by the single hop testt, and subjective knee function evaluated through the International knee documentation committee (IKDC) score in patients after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.

Methods: This study used the literature review method. Article searches through PubMed and Google Scholar databases using the keywords Patella Position, TSK Score, Single Hop Test, IKDC Score and Post RACL Patients.

Results: The six articles reviewed found a significant negative correlation between TSK Score and IKDC Score. High TSK Score tends to have low physical performance and poor IKDC Score. In addition, knee functional status and psychological preparedness play more of a role in determining quality of life than physical measures alone.

Conclusion: There was a significant negative relationship between TSK Score and IKDC Score and single hop test performance. A high TSK Score affects physical functions such as the single hop test and a low IKDC Score. An unstable patellar position can be predicted using the Single Hop Test. These findings support the importance of a multidimensional approach in the comprehensive management of post-ACLR patients.

The relationship between the cross-sectional area of the vastus medialis oblique muscle and the anterior cruciate ligament return to sport index with the lateral step down test and the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score questionnaire in post–anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction patients

Pande Putu Prami Intara Putri — 2025-08-01

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is a surgical procedure performed to repair a torn ACL. This procedure may lead to atrophy of the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the vastus medialis oblique (VMO), which could potentially impact the patient’s psychological condition. This study aimed to examine the relationship between the cross-sectional area of the VMO and ACL-RSI with the lateral step down test and KOOS questionnaire in post-ACL reconstruction patients.

Methods: This study is a literature review that analyzes previous research articles as secondary data sources. The literature search was conducted using the PEO framework: Patient (P) = post-ACL reconstruction patients, exposure (E) = cross-sectional area of the vastus medialis oblique, outcome (O) = lateral step down test and KOOS. The keywords used were: “cross-sectional area of vastus medialis oblique,” “anterior cruciate ligament return to sport injury,” “lateral step down test,” “knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score questionnaire,” and “anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction,” selected based on their relevance to the study topic.

Results: Patients who had undergone ACL reconstruction showed no significant relationship between VMO CSA and KOOS scores (p > 0.05). However, there was a significant relationship between ACL-RSI scores and KOOS subscales of quality of life and sports and recreation (p < 0.05). No studies were found that directly examined the relationship between the lateral step down and either VMO CSA or ACL-RSI.

Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between psychological readiness (ACL-RSI) and perceived knee function (KOOS). However, no significant association was found between muscle morphology (VMO CSA) and KOOS. Furthermore, no direct evidence currently links either VMO CSA or ACL-RSI to lateral step down test performance in patients following ACL reconstruction.

Gait cycle profile in individuals with non-specific low back pain

I Komang Rama — 2025-08-01

Background: Lower Back Pain (LBP) is a frequently reported global health issue, LPB can cause biomechanical disturbances in the gait cycle, including reduced speed, increased step asymmetry, and postural stability disturbances, which can increase the risk of falls and decrease the quality of life of the sufferers. This review aimed to explore changes in the gait cycle in individuals with LBP compared to those without LBP, focusing on biomechanical aspects such as spatiotemporal and kinetic parameters.

Methods: This study uses a literature review method. Articles were searched through Pubmed and Google Scholar using the keywords "low back pain," "non-specific low back pain," "gait analysis," and "gait cycle." This literature search employed Boolean logic "OR" and "AND."

Results: The majority of the seven journals reviewed indicate that non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) causes significant changes in the gait cycle, including decreased speed and stride length, increased movement asymmetry, and reduced trunk variability and stability. These changes are influenced by pain, motor control disturbances, biomechanical compensation, and psychological factors such as kinesiophobia.

Conclusion: This literature review showed that individuals with non-specific low back pain (NSLBP) experienced significant changes in their gait cycle profile, including reduced stride length, walking speed, joint moments, as well as movement variability and stability.